Modern biotechnology includes:

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(D) Modern biotechnology is a broad field that encompasses various techniques used to manipulate living organisms or their components to produce usefu

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All of the above

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(D) Modern biotechnology is a broad field that encompasses various techniques used to manipulate living organisms or their components to produce useful products. $1$. Genetic engineering involves the direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology. $2$. Tissue culture is a technique used to grow cells,tissues,or organs in a sterile environment,which is a fundamental aspect of modern biotechnology. $3$. Microbiology provides the foundation for many biotechnological processes,such as the use of microbes in fermentation and the production of antibiotics. Therefore,all these fields are integral components of modern biotechnology.

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$(A)$ Bacillus thuringiensis	$(I)$ Separation of $\text{DNA}$ fragments
$(B)$ Adenosine deaminase deficiency	$(II)$ Cellular defence
$(C)$ $\text{RNAi}$	$(III)$ Cry Proteins
$(D)$ Gel-Electrophoresis	$(IV)$ Gene Therapy

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$(1)$ Golden Rice	$(a)$ Bud insects
$(2)$ Bt toxin	$(b)$ Vitamin-$A$
$(3)$ Biopiracy	$(c)$ Cry-protein
$(4)$ Bt tobacco	$(d)$ Bio-source without permission and use of bioreactor

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Match the columns:

Column-$I$ Column-$II$

$(1)$ Golden Rice $(a)$ Bud insects

$(2)$ Bt toxin $(b)$ Vitamin-$A$

$(3)$ Biopiracy $(c)$ Cry-protein

$(4)$ Bt tobacco $(d)$ Bio-source without permission and use of bioreactor

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