Name the following:
$A$ loop of capillary running parallel to the Henle's loop.

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(VASA RECTA) loop of capillary that runs parallel to the Henle's loop is known as the $Vasa$ $recta$.
The $Vasa$ $recta$ is a fine capillary network that arises from the efferent arteriole in juxtamedullary nephrons.
It runs parallel to the Henle's loop and plays a crucial role in the counter-current mechanism, which helps in maintaining a concentration gradient in the medullary interstitium for the concentration of urine.

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The concentration of sodium and chloride ions is lowest in which of the following regions?

Describe the counter-current mechanism.

$A$: The final reabsorption of water from urine into blood occurs through the collecting duct of a mammalian nephron,resulting in the production of hyperosmotic urine.
$R$: The loop of Henle is responsible for the formation of a sodium gradient across the depth of the medullary interstitium of a mammalian kidney.

Which part of the nephron plays a significant role in the maintenance of high osmolarity of the interstitial fluid?

The concentration of urine depends upon which part of the nephron?

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