Nitration of aniline in a strong acidic mediu | vedclass

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(B) $1$. In a strong acidic medium, the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom of aniline is protonated by the acid.$2$. This results in the form

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In a strong acidic medium, aniline is present as the anilinium ion.

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(B) $1$. In a strong acidic medium, the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom of aniline is protonated by the acid.$2$. This results in the formation of the anilinium ion $(-NH_3^+)$.$3$. The $-NH_3^+$ group is strongly electron-withdrawing due to its positive charge and exerts a $-I$ effect.$4$. Consequently, it deactivates the benzene ring and directs the incoming electrophile to the meta position.

Nitration of aniline in a strong acidic medium gives a significant amount of $m$-nitroaniline because:

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