Permanent hardness in water cannot be cured b | vedclass

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(C) Permanent hardness is caused by the presence of dissolved chlorides and sulfates of $Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$ ions. Boiling is only effective for re

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Boiling

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(C) Permanent hardness is caused by the presence of dissolved chlorides and sulfates of $Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$ ions. Boiling is only effective for removing temporary hardness,which is caused by the presence of $HCO_3^-$ (bicarbonate) ions. Methods like treatment with washing soda $(Na_2CO_3)$,Calgon's method,and the ion exchange method are used to remove permanent hardness.

Permanent hardness in water cannot be cured by

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