The phenolic group can be identified by a positive:

What is produced when phenol reacts with sodium?

In the reaction $C_6H_5 - X \xleftarrow[HNO_2]{Cu} C_6H_5N_2Cl \xrightarrow[\Delta]{Water} \phi - Y$,what are $X$ and $Y$ respectively?

Write the structures of the major products expected from the following reactions:
$(a)$ Mononitration of $3-$methylphenol
$(b)$ Dinitration of $3-$methylphenol
$(c)$ Mononitration of phenyl methanoate.

Phenol,when it first reacts with concentrated sulphuric acid and then concentrated nitric acid,gives:

Assertion : Phenol on oxidation with $KMnO_4$ gives meso-tartaric acid.
Reason : Pure phenol is colourless but turns pink due to oxidation to phenoquinone.