The pioneer community established on a bare rock is:

Assertion $(A):$ $A$ natural ecosystem is usually self-sustainable.
Reason $(R):$ An ecosystem having producers,decomposers,and a source of energy is self-sustainable. Select the correct answer from the options given below:

Choose the correct sequence of True $(T)$ and False $(F)$ statements:
$(1)$ Zooplanktons are primary producers in an aquatic ecosystem.
$(2)$ Decomposition is largely an oxygen-requiring process.
$(3)$ In a natural ecosystem, fishes, wolf, etc., are carnivores.
$(4)$ The amount of energy decreases at each successive trophic level.

In an aquatic ecosystem,maximum biomagnification is seen among the

Which of the following is a primary consumer in a maize field ecosystem?

Biological equilibrium is an equilibrium among the