Polyphosphates are used as water softening ag | vedclass

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(A) Polyphosphates,such as sodium hexametaphosphate $(Na_6P_6O_{18})$,are used to remove $Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$ ions from hard water.They form stable

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They form soluble complexes with cationic species

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(A) Polyphosphates,such as sodium hexametaphosphate $(Na_6P_6O_{18})$,are used to remove $Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$ ions from hard water.They form stable,soluble complexes with these metal cations,effectively sequestering them and preventing them from forming insoluble precipitates (like carbonates or sulfates) that cause hardness.The reaction is represented as:$2Ca^{2+} + Na_2[Na_4(PO_3)_6] \rightarrow Na_2[Ca_2(PO_3)_6] + 4Na^+$Since the resulting complex is soluble in water,the hardness is removed without forming a precipitate.

Polyphosphates are used as water softening agents because:

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