Predators also help in $A$ species diversity in a community,by $B$ the intensity of competition among competing prey species. Here $A$ and $B$ can be

Identify the examples of Commensalism and Mutualism from the given list:
$I -$ Mango tree and Orchid
$II -$ Fungi and Algae or Cyanobacteria (Lichen)
$III -$ Fungi and roots of higher plants (Mycorrhizae)
$IV -$ Whale and Barnacles
$V -$ Sea Anemone and Clown fish
$VI -$ Plants and Seed dispersers
$VII -$ Plants and Pollinators
$VIII -$ Cattle egret and Grazing cattle
Commensalism $\quad\quad$ Mutualism

What type of interaction exists between the wasp and the fig tree?

Study the following four statements $(1-4)$ and select the two which are correct:
$(1)$ Lion eating deer and sparrow feeding on grain are ecologically similar in being consumers.
$(2)$ The predator starfish $Pisaster$ helps in maintaining species diversity of some invertebrates.
$(3)$ Predators often lead to the extinction of prey species.
$(4)$ Production of chemicals such as nicotine and strychnine by plants is a metabolic disorder.
Which two statements are correct?

Commensalism can be represented as :

Niche overlap indicates