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(C) The formation of a rainbow is a complex optical phenomenon involving multiple processes. $1$. Sunlight enters a water droplet and undergoes refrac

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Total internal reflection and dispersion

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(C) The formation of a rainbow is a complex optical phenomenon involving multiple processes. $1$. Sunlight enters a water droplet and undergoes refraction and dispersion,splitting into its constituent colors. $2$. The light then undergoes total internal reflection $(TIR)$ at the back surface of the droplet. $3$. Finally,the light refracts again as it exits the droplet. Therefore,the primary processes involved are refraction,dispersion,and total internal reflection.

$A$ rainbow is formed due to

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