The reaction of phenol with chloroform in the presence of dilute sodium hydroxide introduces which one of the following functional groups?

Identify the major products $P$,$Q$,and $R$ in the following sequence of reaction:
$\text{Benzene} + CH_3CH_2CH_2Cl$ $\xrightarrow{\text{Anhydrous } AlCl_3} P$ $\xrightarrow[(ii) H_3O^+/\Delta]{(i) O_2} Q + R$

Assertion : Reimer-Tiemann reaction of phenol with $CCl_4$ in $NaOH$ at $340 \ K$ gives salicylic acid as the major product. Reason : The reaction occurs through intermediate formation of dichlorocarbene.

Phenol reacts with $CO_2$ in the presence of sodium hydroxide followed by acidification to give a steam volatile compound $X$. The compound $X$ on treatment with acetic anhydride in the presence of a catalytic amount of $H_2SO_4$ produces $Y$. Among the following:
$(i)$ antipyretic
$(ii)$ anti-inflammatory
$(iii)$ narcotic analgesic
$(iv)$ antiplatelet
the properties shown by compound $Y$ are

Which one of the following compounds is most acidic?

Given below are two statements:
Statement $I$: The acidic strength of monosubstituted nitrophenol is higher than phenol because of the electron-withdrawing nitro group.
Statement $II$: $o$-nitrophenol,$m$-nitrophenol,and $p$-nitrophenol will have the same acidic strength as they have one nitro group attached to the phenolic ring.
In the light of the above statements,choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below: