Resource partitioning includes

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(D) Gause's competitive exclusion principle does not always lead to species exclusion. Competing species may co-exist due to different types of resour

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(D) Gause's competitive exclusion principle does not always lead to species exclusion. Competing species may co-exist due to different types of resource partitioning,such as temporal partitioning,spatial partitioning,and morphological partitioning.Darwin observed that $14$ species of finches co-exist on the Galapagos Islands due to the development of different feeding habits. Similarly,in the Serengeti plains,over $20$ species of antelopes graze in the same area by utilizing different resources. Several plants can grow together by extending their roots to different depths in the soil. Therefore,competition does not always result in the extinction of species but often leads to the development of a larger number of niches.

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$(a)$ Yucca moth	$(i) \,(+, 0)$
$(b)$ Orchid	$(ii) \,(+, -)$
$(c)$ Hermit crab	$(iii) \,(+, +)$
$(d)$ Plasmodium	$(iv) \,(+, -)$

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In an intertidal area, when all starfish were removed, more than $Q$ species of invertebrates became extinct within a year due to $P$.

The interaction observed in this diagram is

Which type of interrelation is observed in species $A$ $(+)$ and species $B$ $(-)$?

Match Column-$I$ with Column-$II$ and select the correct option.
Column-$I$ Column-$II$
$(a)$ Yucca moth $(i) \,(+, 0)$
$(b)$ Orchid $(ii) \,(+, -)$
$(c)$ Hermit crab $(iii) \,(+, +)$
$(d)$ Plasmodium $(iv) \,(+, -)$

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