Short-sightedness (myopia) is caused due to the elongation of the eyeball.

How is the eye lens held in its position?

Study the diagram given below and answer the questions that follow it.
$(i)$ Identify the defect of vision represented in this case. Give a reason for your answer.
$(ii)$ Mention the two causes of this defect.

How is long-sightedness corrected?

$(a)$ State two main causes of a person developing near-sightedness. How can this defect be corrected?
$(b)$ What is 'astigmatism' and how is this vision defect corrected?

Name the condition resulting due to the eye lens becoming cloudy.