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(D) Both $PCR$ and $ELISA$ are modern methods of diagnosis.$PCR$ (Polymerase Chain Reaction): It helps in detecting very low concentrations of bacteri

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$Both\; (a)\; and\; (b)$

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(D) Both $PCR$ and $ELISA$ are modern methods of diagnosis.$PCR$ (Polymerase Chain Reaction): It helps in detecting very low concentrations of bacteria or viruses at a time when the symptoms of the disease are not yet visible,by amplifying their nucleic acid.$ELISA$ (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay): Infection by a pathogen can be detected by the presence of antigens or by detecting the antibodies synthesized against the pathogen.In serum analysis,early detection is not possible because the presence of a pathogen is normally suspected only when the pathogen has produced disease symptoms,and by this time,the concentration of the pathogen in the body is already very high.

Techniques that serve the purpose of early diagnosis include

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