The bright colours of ripe fruits are due to

It is present in plant cell but absent in animal cell.

Is there a species-specific or region-specific type of plastid? How does one distinguish one from the other?

How many thylakoids does each granum contain?

Many cells function properly and divide by mitosis even though they lack ..........

$A$: Chloroplast is a semi-autonomous organelle.
$R$: The ribosomes of the chloroplast are smaller than cytoplasmic ribosomes.