The de Broglie wavelength of a particle moving with a speed of $0.8 c$ is equal to the wavelength of a photon. If $c$ is the speed of light in vacuum, the ratio of the energy of the photon to the kinetic energy of the particle is:

Match the following columns:

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$A$. Hallwachs $\&$ Lenard	$P$. Transformers
$B$. Franck-Hertz	$Q$. Microwave
$C$. Klystron valve	$R$. Quantization of energy levels
$D$. Nicola Tesla	$S$. Photoelectric effect

When a monochromatic point source of light is placed at $0.1\, m$ from a photocell,the cut-off voltage and saturation current are $0.8\, V$ and $24\, mA$ respectively. If the same source is placed at $0.2\, m$ away from the photocell,then the cut-off voltage and saturation current will be:

In the Thomson spectrograph experiment,four positive ions $P, Q, R,$ and $S$ are situated on the $Y-X$ curves as shown in the figure.

Answer the following questions:
$(a)$ Quarks inside protons and neutrons are thought to carry fractional charges $[(+2/3)e, (-1/3)e]$. Why do they not show up in Millikan's oil-drop experiment?
$(b)$ What is so special about the combination $e/m$? Why do we not simply talk of $e$ and $m$ separately?
$(c)$ Why should gases be insulators at ordinary pressures and start conducting at very low pressures?
$(d)$ Every metal has a definite work function. Why do all photoelectrons not come out with the same energy if incident radiation is monochromatic? Why is there an energy distribution of photoelectrons?
$(e)$ The energy and momentum of an electron are related to the frequency and wavelength of the associated matter wave by the relations:
$E = h\nu, p = \frac{h}{\lambda}$
But while the value of $\lambda$ is physically significant,the value of $\nu$ (and therefore,the value of the phase speed $\nu\lambda$) has no physical significance. Why?

Which of the following support the quantum nature of the $EM$ radiations?
$(A)$ Photoelectric effect
$(B)$ Compton effect
$(C)$ Doppler effect
$(D)$ Field effect