(D) The potential difference $V$ across the terminals of a cell is given by the equation:$V = E - Ir$This is a linear equation of the form $V = -rI +

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(D) The potential difference $V$ across the terminals of a cell is given by the equation:$V = E - Ir$This is a linear equation of the form $V = -rI + E$,which matches the equation of a straight line $y = mx + c$,where $V$ is on the $y$-axis and $I$ is on the $x$-axis.From the graph,the $y$-intercept (at $I = 0$) is $y = E$.The $x$-intercept (at $V = 0$) is $x = I_{max} = E/r$.Therefore,the slope of the graph is $m = -r = -\frac{\text{change in } V}{\text{change in } I} = -\frac{y}{x}$.Thus,the internal resistance $r = \frac{y}{x}$.

Class 12 Physics Current Electricity Circuit Solving for current and Voltage

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The diagram shows a circuit used in an experiment to determine the $emf$ $(E)$ and internal resistance $(r)$ of the cell $C$. $A$ graph was plotted of the potential difference $V$ between the terminals of the cell against the current $I$,which was varied by adjusting the rheostat. The graph is shown on the right; $x$ and $y$ are the intercepts of the graph with the axes as shown. What is the internal resistance of the cell?

A
$x$
B
$y$
C
$x/y$
D
$y/x$

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