The energy spectrum of $\beta$-particles [number $N(E)$ as a function of $\beta$-energy $E$] emitted from a radioactive source is

In the given nuclear decay process,identify the order in which radioactive radiations are emitted:
${}_{Z}^{A}X \to {}_{Z+1}^{A}Y \to {}_{Z-1}^{A-4}K \to {}_{Z-1}^{A-4}K$

In a radioactive decay process,the atomic number and mass number of the nucleus do not change. Which of the following is emitted during this process?

The $Q$-value of the decay ${ }_{11}^{22} Na \rightarrow{ }_{10}^{22} Ne + e ^{+}+v$ is

In the uranium radioactive series,the initial nucleus is $_{92}U^{238}$ and the final nucleus is $_{82}Pb^{206}$. When the uranium nucleus decays to lead,the number of $\alpha$-particles emitted is $x$ and the number of $\beta$-particles emitted is $y$. Find $x$ and $y$.

Neutrino is a particle which $\qquad$