The equation $_{Z}X^{A} \to _{Z+1}Y^{A} + _{-1}e^{0} + \bar{\nu}$ represents:

In the nuclear reaction $6C^{11} \rightarrow 5B^{11} + \beta^+ + X$,the particle $X$ is .......

Find the $Q$-value and the kinetic energy of the emitted $\alpha$-particle in the $\alpha$-decay of $(a) \; ^{226}_{88} Ra$ and $(b) \; ^{220}_{86} Rn$.
Given:
$m(^{226}_{88} Ra) = 226.02540 \; u$
$m(^{222}_{86} Rn) = 222.01750 \; u$
$m(^{220}_{86} Rn) = 220.01137 \; u$
$m(^{216}_{84} Po) = 216.00189 \; u$
$m(^{4}_{2} He) = 4.002603 \; u$

In which of the following decay processes does the element not change?

An element $A$ decays into $C$ in two steps: $A \to B + _{2}^{4}He$ and $B \to C + 2e^{-}$. Then:

The total number of $\alpha$ and $\beta$ particles emitted in the nuclear reaction ${ }_{92}^{238} U \rightarrow{ }_{82}^{214} Pb$ is