The equation of the direct common tangent of the circles $x^2+y^2-6x-4y-23=0$ and $x^2+y^2+2x+2y+1=0$ is

The centre of the circle,which cuts orthogonally each of the three circles $x^2 + y^2 + 2x + 17y + 4 = 0$,$x^2 + y^2 + 7x + 6y + 11 = 0$,and $x^2 + y^2 - x + 22y + 3 = 0$,is

From a point $P$ on the circle $x^2+y^2-4x-6y+9=0$,a pair of tangents $PQ$ and $PR$ are drawn touching the circle $x^2+y^2-4x-6y+12=0$ at $Q$ and $R$. If $C$ is the centre of the concentric circles,then the area of the $\triangle CQR$ (in sq. units) is

The locus of the centres of the circles which touch externally the circles $x^2 + y^2 = a^2$ and $x^2 + y^2 - 4ax = 0$ will be

The condition for the coaxial system $x^2+y^2+2 \lambda x+c=0$,where $\lambda$ is a parameter and $c$ is a constant,to have distinct limiting points,is

The angle between circles $x^2+y^2+2x+4y+1=0$ and $x^2+y^2-2x+6y-3=0$ is