The Human Genome Project formally began in $A$ and was completed in $B$.

Which is the largest known gene in humans?

Expressed Sequence Tags $(ESTs)$ refers to:

How many base pairs does an average gene contain?

$A$: $SNPs$ (pronounced as "snips") are common in the human genome.
$R$: These are minute variations that occur at a frequency of one in every $300$ bases.

The vectors used for the $HGP$ (Human Genome Project) are: