The lanthanide contraction is responsible for | vedclass

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(C) Due to lanthanide contraction,the atomic radii of $Zr$ and $Hf$ are nearly identical.Lanthanide contraction is explained by the poor shielding eff

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$Zr$ and $Hf$ have about the same radius

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(C) Due to lanthanide contraction,the atomic radii of $Zr$ and $Hf$ are nearly identical.Lanthanide contraction is explained by the poor shielding effect of $4f$ electrons.In multi-electron atoms,inner electrons shield outer electrons from the nuclear charge.The shielding efficiency follows the order $s > p > d > f$.Because the $4f$ subshell has a very poor shielding effect,the outer electrons experience a higher effective nuclear charge,leading to a decrease in atomic size.This effect causes elements of the $5d$ series (like $Hf$) to have radii very similar to their counterparts in the $4d$ series (like $Zr$).

The lanthanide contraction is responsible for the fact that

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