The nearest star to our solar system is $4.29$ light years away. How much is this distance in terms of parsecs? How much parallax would this star (named Alpha Centauri) show when viewed from two locations of the Earth six months apart in its orbit around the Sun?

Given below are densities of some solids and liquids. Give rough estimates of the size of their atoms.

Substance	Atomic Mass $(u)$	Density $(10^3\,kg\,m^{-3})$
Carbon (diamond)	$12.01$	$2.22$
Gold	$197.00$	$19.32$
Nitrogen (liquid)	$14.01$	$1.00$
Lithium	$6.94$	$0.53$
Fluorine (liquid)	$19.00$	$1.14$

What is the accuracy of an atomic clock?

What is called a basis? What is parallax? Define angular diameter.

In an experiment to estimate the size of a molecule of oleic acid,$1\, mL$ of oleic acid is dissolved in $19\, mL$ of alcohol. Then $1\, mL$ of this solution is diluted to $20\, mL$ by adding alcohol. Now,$1$ drop of this diluted solution is placed on water in a shallow trough. The solution spreads over the surface of water,forming a one-molecule-thick layer. Lycopodium powder is sprinkled evenly over the film,and its diameter is measured. Knowing the volume of the drop and the area of the film,we can calculate the thickness of the film,which gives us the size of the oleic acid molecule.
Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions.
$(a)$ Why do we dissolve oleic acid in alcohol?
$(b)$ What is the role of lycopodium powder?
$(c)$ What would be the volume of oleic acid in each $mL$ of the solution prepared?
$(d)$ How will you calculate the volume of $n$ drops of this solution of oleic acid?
$(e)$ What will be the volume of oleic acid in one drop of this solution?

What is mass? Write the effect of external factors on mass.