The order of reactivity of phenol (I),nitrobe | vedclass

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(C) Nitration is an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The rate of this reaction depends on the electron density of the aromatic ring. Grou

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$(I) > (III) > (II)$

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(C) Nitration is an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The rate of this reaction depends on the electron density of the aromatic ring. Groups that increase electron density (electron-donating groups) activate the ring,while groups that decrease electron density (electron-withdrawing groups) deactivate the ring. In phenol $(I)$,the $-OH$ group exerts a strong $+R$ (resonance) effect,which significantly increases the electron density of the ring,making it highly reactive. In benzene $(III)$,there is no substituent to alter the electron density. In nitrobenzene $(II)$,the $-NO_2$ group exerts a strong $-R$ effect,which significantly decreases the electron density of the ring,making it the least reactive. Therefore,the order of reactivity is $(I) > (III) > (II)$.

The order of reactivity of phenol $(I)$,nitrobenzene $(II)$,and benzene $(III)$ towards nitration is:

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