The possible beneficial effect of grazing animals is the

What percentage of photosynthetically active radiation $(PAR)$ can be captured by plants?

What is an ecosystem service? List any four important ecosystem services provided by the natural ecosystems. Are you in favour or against levying a charge on the service provided by the ecosystem?

Presence of plants arranged into well-defined vertical layers depending on their height can be seen best in:

Which of the following are consumers of the second order?

Sun is the only source of energy for all ecosystems on the earth $EXCEPT$ for . . . . . . .