(C) The given reaction is an example of an intramolecular Cannizzaro reaction. In this reaction, phthalaldehyde reacts with a base $(OH^-)$ to undergo

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$A$ benzene ring with a $-CH_2OH$ group and a $-COO^-$ group at ortho positions.

(C) The given reaction is an example of an intramolecular Cannizzaro reaction. In this reaction, phthalaldehyde reacts with a base $(OH^-)$ to undergo disproportionation, where one aldehyde group is reduced to a primary alcohol $(-CH_2OH)$ and the other is oxidized to a carboxylate ion $(-COO^-)$. The final product is the ortho-hydroxymethylbenzoate ion.

Class 12 Chemistry 1 Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids: Aldehydes and Ketones Properties

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The product of the above reaction is

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A
$A$ benzene ring with a $-CH_2OH$ group and a $-COOH$ group at ortho positions.
B
$A$ benzene ring with a $-CH_2O^-$ group and a $-COOH$ group at ortho positions.
C
$A$ benzene ring with a $-CH_2OH$ group and a $-COO^-$ group at ortho positions.
D
$A$ benzene ring with a $-CH_2O^-$ group and a $-COO^-$ group at ortho positions.