The reaction, $3 MnO_{2}(s) + 4 Al(s) \longrightarrow 3 Mn(l) + 2 Al_{2}O_{3}(s) + \text{Heat}$, is an example of:

On adding a drop of barium chloride solution to an aqueous solution of sodium sulphite,a white precipitate is obtained.
$(a)$ Write a balanced chemical equation of the reaction involved.
$(b)$ What other name can be given to this precipitation reaction?
$(c)$ On adding dilute hydrochloric acid to the reaction mixture,the white precipitate disappears. Why?

Complete the missing components/variables given as $x$ and $y$ in the following reactions:
$(a)$ $Zn(s) + H_2SO_4(aq) \longrightarrow ZnSO_4(x) + H_2(y)$
$(b)$ $CaCO_3(s) \xrightarrow{x} CaO(s) + CO_2(g)$

Which gas has a pungent smell that causes choking and coughing?

Who discovered the method for the industrial production of ammonia?

Give the characteristic tests for the following gases:
$(a)$ $CO_2$
$(b)$ $SO_2$