The relation $I = I_0 \cos^2 \theta$ is known as (where $I_0$ is the intensity of incident light on the analyser,$I$ is the intensity of emergent light from the analyser,and $\theta$ is the angle between the plane of polarization and the axis of the analyser):

Unpolarized light of intensity $I$ is scattered from point $A$. What is the intensity of light perceived by the given observer?

Two polaroids are placed in the path of an unpolarised beam of intensity $I_0$ such that no light is emitted from the second polaroid. If a third polaroid,whose polarisation axis makes an angle $\theta$ with the polarisation axis of the first polaroid,is placed between these polaroids,then the intensity of light emerging from the last polaroid will be:

How can it be determined whether a given light is unpolarized,plane-polarized,or partially plane-polarized?

Two Nicol prisms are inclined at an angle of $60^o$ to each other. What percentage of the incident unpolarized light passes through the system?

$A$ plane polarised light passes through successive polarisers which are rotated by $30^{\circ}$ with respect to each other in the clockwise direction. Neglecting absorption by the polarisers and given that the first polariser's axis is parallel to the plane of polarisation of the incident light,the intensity of light at the exit of the fifth polariser is closest to