The two light reactions,when absorbing light,drive the flow of electrons against an electrochemical gradient from

During the photolysis of water,which of the following is $NOT$ produced?

$(a)$ $NADP$ reductase enzyme is located on $.....$
$(b)$ Breakdown of proton gradient leads to release of $.........$

Assertion $(A) :-$ The whole scheme of transfer of electrons starting from $PS-II$ to $NADP^{+}$ is called $Z-scheme$.
Reason $(R) :-$ When all the carriers of this scheme are placed in sequence on a redox potential scale,they appear like $Z$.
In the light of the above statements,choose the correct answer from the options given below:

The two-pigment system theory of photosynthesis was proposed by,or the concept of evidence for the existence of two photosystems in photosynthesis was given by:

During photochemical reactions of photosynthesis: