The variations of resistivity $\rho$ with absolute temperature $T$ for three different materials $X, Y$ and $Z$ are shown in the graph below. Identify the materials $X, Y$ and $Z$.

Two metal wires of the same length and same area of cross-section have conductivities of their material $\sigma_1$ and $\sigma_2$. If they are connected in series,the effective conductivity is:

If a copper wire is stretched to make its radius decrease by $0.1\%$,then the percentage increase in resistance is approximately .......... $\%$

$A$ copper wire of length $L$ and diameter $D$ is to be reshaped into another wire so as to have minimum resistance. For this,we should:

What is electrical resistance $(R)$? On which factors does the resistance value depend?

$A$ heating element using nichrome connected to a $230 \;V$ supply draws an initial current of $3.2 \;A$ which settles after a few seconds to a steady value of $2.8 \;A$. What is the steady temperature of the heating element if the room temperature is $27.0^{\circ} C$ (in $^{\circ} C$)? The temperature coefficient of resistance of nichrome averaged over the temperature range involved is $1.70 \times 10^{-4} \;^{\circ} C^{-1}$.