To get a better yield,Jaikishan increased the use of pesticides and fertilizers. Though in the initial years he got higher yield,after that,it declined. He was much worried. His friend Mahesh persuaded him to abandon this practice and start using organic manure.
$(i)$ Why are fertilizers used in a field?
$(ii)$ State the possible reason for the decline in yield.
$(iii)$ List two values shown by Mahesh.

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(N/A) $(i)$ Fertilizers are used in a field to replenish the soil with specific essential nutrients like nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium,which are required for plant growth.
$(ii)$ The decline in yield is likely due to the continuous use of chemical fertilizers,which can destroy soil fertility by killing beneficial soil microorganisms,reducing the soil's organic matter content,and altering the soil $pH$.
$(iii)$ Two values shown by Mahesh are: $1.$ Scientific temper (awareness of sustainable practices) and $2.$ Concern for others (helping a friend in need).

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While selecting a breed of crop,which characteristics of the crop are to be taken into account by the farmers?

$(i)$ List three factors on which cultivation practices and crop yield depend.
$(ii)$ Name three stages involved in farming practices.

Balwinder was a small farmer. As his field was rain-fed,he could not take the risk of growing specialized crops. He used to mix the seeds of two crops and sow them in the field. Kaku,his son who passed class $IX$,suggested growing two or more crops simultaneously in a definite pattern. Balwinder followed this,and the productivity per unit area increased.
$(i)$ Name the cropping pattern which Balwinder used earlier and the one suggested by Kaku.
$(ii)$ Write two advantages of practicing the pattern suggested by Kaku.
$(iii)$ Write two values displayed by Kaku.

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Group the following crops and tabulate them as energy-yielding,protein-yielding,oil-yielding,and fodder crops: Wheat,rice,berseem,maize,gram,oat,pigeon pea,sudan grass,lentil,soybean,groundnut,castor,and mustard.

Fertilizers have short-term benefits whereas manures have long-term benefits. Do you agree with this statement? Give three reasons in support of your answer.

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