Two blocks of masses in the ratio $m:n$ are connected by a light inextensible string passing over a frictionless fixed pulley. If the system of the blocks is released from rest, then the acceleration of the centre of mass of the system of the blocks is ($g$ = acceleration due to gravity).

In the figure,two blocks $M$ and $m$ are tied together with an inextensible and light string. The mass $M$ is placed on a rough horizontal surface with coefficient of friction $\mu$ and the mass $m$ is hanging vertically against a smooth vertical wall. The pulley is frictionless. Imagine a situation in which the given arrangement is placed inside an elevator that can move only in the vertical direction and compare the situation with the case when it is placed on the ground. When the elevator accelerates downward with $a_0 (< g)$,then

$A$ $100 \, kg$ gun fires a ball of $1 \, kg$ horizontally from a cliff of height $500 \, m$. It falls on the ground at a distance of $400 \, m$ from the bottom of the cliff. Find the recoil velocity of the gun. (Acceleration due to gravity $g = 10 \, m/s^2$) (in $, m/s$)

Two fixed frictionless inclined planes making an angle $30^\circ$ and $60^\circ$ with the vertical are shown in the figure. Two blocks $A$ and $B$ are placed on the two planes. What is the relative vertical acceleration of $A$ with respect to $B$?

$A$ string of negligible mass going over a clamped pulley of mass $m$ supports a block of mass $M$ as shown in the figure. The force on the pulley by the clamp is given by

$A$ $10 \, kg$ ball attached to the end of a rigid massless rod of length $L = 1 \, m$ rotates at a constant speed in a horizontal circle of radius $r = 0.5 \, m$ and period $T = 1.57 \, s$ as shown in the figure. The force exerted by the rod on the ball is ........ $N$.