Two identical spheres each of radius $R$ are kept at a center-to-center spacing of $4R$ as shown in the figure. They are charged,and the electrostatic force of interaction between them is first calculated assuming them to be point-like charges at their centers $(F_c)$,and the force is also measured experimentally $(F_m)$. ($F_c$ and $F_m$ denote the magnitude of the force.)

  • A
    When they carry charges of the same sign $F_c > F_m$ and when they carry charges of opposite signs $F_c < F_m$ only when they are insulators.
  • B
    When they carry charges of the same sign $F_c > F_m$ and when they carry charges of opposite signs $F_c < F_m$ only when they are conductors.
  • C
    When they carry charges of the same sign $F_c < F_m$ and when they carry charges of opposite signs $F_c > F_m$ irrespective of their material.
  • D
    When they carry charges of the same sign $F_c > F_m$ and when they carry charges of opposite signs $F_c < F_m$ irrespective of their material.

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Two identical charged conducting spheres $A$ and $B$ have their centres separated by a certain distance. Charge on each sphere is $q$ and the force of repulsion between them is $F$. $A$ third identical uncharged conducting sphere $C$ is brought in contact with sphere $A$ first and then with $B$ and finally removed from both. The new force of repulsion between spheres $A$ and $B$ (radii of $A$ and $B$ are negligible compared to the distance of separation so that for calculating force between them they can be considered as point charges) is best given as:

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