What is a disease? Explain the various types of diseases giving one example of each.

(N/A) disease is a state of physical or mental discomfort caused by the malfunctioning of any tissue,organ,or organ system.
Diseases can be classified into various types:
$(i)$ Based on duration:
- Acute diseases: Last for a short period,e.g.,$Common \ cold$.
- Chronic diseases: Last for a long period,e.g.,$Diabetes$.
$(ii)$ Based on cause:
- Infectious (Communicable): Caused by pathogens like bacteria,viruses,etc.,e.g.,$Tuberculosis$.
- Non-infectious (Non-communicable): Caused by internal factors or lifestyle,e.g.,$Cancer$.
$(iii)$ Based on origin:
- Congenital diseases: Present from birth,e.g.,$Down \ syndrome$.
- Acquired diseases: Developed after birth,e.g.,$Malaria$.