What is the difference between the first member of a group and the other elements in the $s$- and $p$-block? Why?

Vedclass pdf generator app on play store
Vedclass iOS app on app store
(N/A) The first member of each group differs from the other elements in the same group due to their small size,high charge density,and high electronegativity.
$(i)$ Smaller atomic and ionic radii: The first member has a significantly smaller atomic and ionic radius compared to the subsequent members of the same group.
$(ii)$ Absence of $d$-orbitals: The first member of each group has only four valence orbitals $(2s, 2p_x, 2p_y, 2p_z)$ available for bonding,limiting its maximum covalency to $4$ (e.g.,Boron forms $[BF_4]^-$,while Aluminium can form $[AlF_6]^{3-}$).
$(iii)$ Ability to form $p_{\pi}-p_{\pi}$ multiple bonds: The first member of $p$-block elements has a greater ability to form $p_{\pi}-p_{\pi}$ multiple bonds with itself (e.g.,$C=C, C \equiv C, N=N, N \equiv N$) and with other elements of the second period (e.g.,$C=O, C=N, N=O$),whereas heavier elements do not form such bonds effectively.

Explore More

Similar Questions

Which of the following oxides is amphoteric in nature?

The Lewis acid strength of $BBr_3$,$BCl_3$,and $BF_3$ is in the order:

In the reaction $B_2O_3 + C + Cl_2 \to A + CO$,the $A$ is:

Boron compounds act as Lewis acids due to .....

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion $A$ and the other is labelled as Reason $R$.
Assertion $A$ : Boric acid is a weak acid.
Reason $R$ : Boric acid is not able to release $H^{+}$ ion on its own. It receives $OH^{-}$ ion from water and releases $H^{+}$ ion.
In the light of the above statements,choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.

Vedclass Products

For Students

Vedclass Test Series

Mock tests in real JEE/NEET style with performance analysis. 5-day free trial.

Start Free Trial
For Teachers

Exam Paper Generator

Generate Set A/B/C/D exam papers from 7.5L+ questions in 2 minutes. 3 chapters free.

Try Free
For Institutes

Online Exam Module

Live online exams with unlimited students, 360° analytics & white-label branding.

See Demo