What is the embryonic origin of the adrenal gland?

Excess secretion of mineralocorticoids,which is independent of the $Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone$ system,results in:

Which of the following is known as the '$4S$' gland?

Select the correct option on the basis of the following sentences regarding a gland's functions:
$(I)$ Hormones increase alertness.
$(II)$ Hormones increase the heart beat.
$(III)$ Stimulate the breakdown of glycogen.
$(IV)$ Stimulate the breakdown of lipids and proteins.

$A$ patient who excretes a large quantity of sodium in urine has:

In several vertebrates,the rate of heartbeat and increase in blood pressure is caused by which hormone?