Which conclusion can we obtain from the fact that an $emf$ is induced in a stationary conductor placed in a time-varying magnetic field? Discuss the characteristics of the induced electric field.

(N/A) Faraday verified through numerous experiments that an $emf$ is induced when a conductor is stationary and the magnetic field is changing.
In the case of a stationary conductor,the force on its charges is given by $\overrightarrow{F} = q[\overrightarrow{E} + (\vec{v} \times \overrightarrow{B})]$.
Since the conductor is stationary,$\vec{v} = 0$,so the force is $\overrightarrow{F} = q\overrightarrow{E}$.
Thus,any force on the charge must arise from the electric field term $\overrightarrow{E}$ alone.
Therefore,to explain the existence of induced $emf$ or induced current,we must conclude that a time-varying magnetic field generates an electric field.
Characteristics of this induced electric field:
$1$. Unlike the electric field produced by static charges (which is conservative),the induced electric field produced by a time-varying magnetic field is non-conservative.
$2$. The field lines of the induced electric field form closed loops.
$3$. It exerts a force on stationary charges,which is the origin of the induced $emf$ in a stationary conductor.