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(C) frameshift mutation occurs due to the insertion or deletion of nucleotides in a $DNA$ sequence,which shifts the reading frame of the genetic code.

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Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

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(C) frameshift mutation occurs due to the insertion or deletion of nucleotides in a $DNA$ sequence,which shifts the reading frame of the genetic code. $Lesch-Nyhan$ syndrome is a classic example of a genetic disorder often associated with various types of mutations,including frameshift mutations,which lead to the deficiency of the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase $(HGPRT)$. Sickle cell anemia is typically caused by a point mutation (substitution),while thalassemia is often caused by mutations affecting globin chain synthesis,which can include frameshift mutations,but $Lesch-Nyhan$ syndrome is frequently cited in textbooks as a specific example related to such genetic alterations.

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$(1)$ Lethal mutation	$(a)$ Mutation caused by external factors
$(2)$ Spontaneous mutation	$(b)$ They are metabolic errors
$(3)$ Induced mutation	$(c)$ As a result the mutant dies
$(4)$ Biochemical mutation	$(d)$ Most of the mutations occurring in nature are of this type

Which disease serves as the most classic example of a frameshift mutation?

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