Which is the correct example for divergent evolution?

Archaeopteryx is considered a connecting link because:

Among the statements given below,which statement is correct on the basis of the observations of Ernst Haeckel?

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion $A$ and the other is labelled as Reason $R$.
Assertion $A$: Forelimbs of humans and bats are homologous.
Reason $R$: Forelimbs of humans and bats have similar anatomical structure.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Who discovered the fossil of Archaeopteryx from Bavaria $(Germany)$?

$A$ pair of analogous organs is