Which is the weakest acid among the following | vedclass

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(A) $1$. The acidity of carboxylic acids depends on the stability of the conjugate base (carboxylate ion).$2$. Electron-withdrawing groups (like $-Cl$

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

$(CH_3)_2CHCOOH$

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(A) $1$. The acidity of carboxylic acids depends on the stability of the conjugate base (carboxylate ion).$2$. Electron-withdrawing groups (like $-Cl$) increase acidity by stabilizing the negative charge on the carboxylate ion through the inductive effect ($-I$ effect).$3$. Electron-donating groups (like alkyl groups $-CH_3$) decrease acidity by destabilizing the carboxylate ion through the $+I$ effect.$4$. Comparing the options:- $(CH_3)_2CHCOOH$ (Isobutyric acid) has two methyl groups donating electrons ($+I$ effect).- $CH_3CH_2COOH$ (Propanoic acid) has one ethyl group donating electrons ($+I$ effect).- $ClCH_2COOH$ (Chloroacetic acid) has one $-Cl$ atom ($-I$ effect).- $Cl_3CCOOH$ (Trichloroacetic acid) has three $-Cl$ atoms (strong $-I$ effect).$5$. Since $(CH_3)_2CHCOOH$ has the strongest electron-donating effect among the choices, it destabilizes the conjugate base the most, making it the weakest acid.

Which is the weakest acid among the following?

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