Which molecule is polar?

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Question

(C) molecule is polar if it has a non-zero net dipole moment. In all the given options,the substituents are at the para $(1,4)$ positions of the benze

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

$1,4-$dihydroxybenzene

Vedclass · Answer

(C) molecule is polar if it has a non-zero net dipole moment. In all the given options,the substituents are at the para $(1,4)$ positions of the benzene ring. For $1,4$-disubstituted benzenes,if the two substituents are identical,the dipole moments of the two $C-X$ bonds are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction,resulting in a net dipole moment of zero (non-polar). However,if the substituents are not identical,or if the internal structure of the substituent itself contributes to polarity,the molecule may be polar. Wait,let's re-evaluate: $1,4$-dichlorobenzene ($p$-dichlorobenzene): The two $C-Cl$ bond dipoles cancel out. $\mu = 0$. $1,4$-dicyanobenzene ($p$-dicyanobenzene): The two $C-CN$ bond dipoles cancel out. $\mu = 0$. $1,4$-dihydroxybenzene ($p$-hydroquinone): The two $O-H$ bonds are not linear with the ring axis; the rotation of the $OH$ groups means the individual bond dipoles do not perfectly cancel,making it polar. $1,4$-dinitrobenzene ($p$-dinitrobenzene): The two $C-NO_2$ bond dipoles cancel out. $\mu = 0$. Therefore,$1,4$-dihydroxybenzene is the polar molecule.

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