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(A) Diffusion is the passive movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration along the concentration gr

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Diffusion

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(A) Diffusion is the passive movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration along the concentration gradient.It does not require any carrier proteins or energy expenditure.In contrast,$Na^+$ and $K^+$ transport (via pumps) and the active transport of sugars and amino acids require specific carrier proteins and energy $(ATP)$ to move substances against their concentration gradient.

Property	Simple Diffusion	Facilitated Transport	Active Transport
Requires special membrane proteins	No	$a$	Yes
Transport saturates	No	Yes	$b$
Uphill transport	$c$	No	Yes
Requires $ATP$ energy	No	No	$d$

Which of the following does not require a carrier molecule during transport through cell membranes?

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