Which of the following fact(s) explain(s) why | vedclass

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(A) $p-$nitrophenol is more acidic than phenol primarily due to the electron-withdrawing nature of the $-NO_2$ group.$1$. The $-NO_2$ group exerts a s

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$I$ and $II$

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(A) $p-$nitrophenol is more acidic than phenol primarily due to the electron-withdrawing nature of the $-NO_2$ group.$1$. The $-NO_2$ group exerts a strong $-I$ (inductive) effect,which stabilizes the phenoxide ion by withdrawing electron density through the sigma bond.$2$. The $-NO_2$ group also exerts a strong $-M$ (mesomeric/resonance) effect,which further stabilizes the negative charge on the oxygen atom of the phenoxide ion by delocalizing it into the benzene ring and onto the oxygen atoms of the nitro group.$3$. The steric effect of the nitro group is not responsible for the increased acidity of $p-$nitrophenol compared to phenol.Therefore,statements $I$ and $II$ are correct.

Which of the following fact$(s)$ explain$(s)$ why $p-$nitrophenol is more acidic than phenol?
$I$. $-I$ Effect of the nitro group.
$II$. Greater resonance effect of the $p-$nitrophenoxy group.
$III$. Steric effect of the bulky nitro group.

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Which of the following fact$(s)$ explain$(s)$ why $p-$nitrophenol is more acidic than phenol?$I$. $-I$ Effect of the nitro group.$II$. Greater resonance effect of the $p-$nitrophenoxy group.$III$. Steric effect of the bulky nitro group.