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(A) $1$. Lanthanide contraction is the steady decrease in the atomic and ionic radii of lanthanides with an increase in atomic number.$2$. As we move

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

Poor shielding of one of $4f$ electron by another in the sub-shell.

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(A) $1$. Lanthanide contraction is the steady decrease in the atomic and ionic radii of lanthanides with an increase in atomic number.$2$. As we move from $La$ to $Lu$, electrons are added to the $4f$ subshell.$3$. The $4f$ orbitals have a very diffuse shape, which results in poor shielding of the nuclear charge by the $4f$ electrons.$4$. Due to this poor shielding, the effective nuclear charge experienced by the outer electrons increases, causing the electron cloud to be pulled closer to the nucleus, resulting in a decrease in atomic size.$5$. Therefore, the main cause is the poor shielding of one $4f$ electron by another.

Which of the following factors may be regarded as the main cause of lanthanide contraction?

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