Which of the following forms a stable $+4$ oxidation state?

  • A
    $La$ $(Z = 57)$
  • B
    $Eu$ $(Z = 63)$
  • C
    $Ce$ $(Z = 58)$
  • D
    $Gd$ $(Z = 64)$

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Fill in the blanks:
$1.$ The size of $M^{3+}$ ions in the actinoid series ........... with an increase in atomic number.
$2.$ The common oxidation state of elements in the actinoid series is .......... .
$3.$ The appearance of elements in the actinoid series is like .......... .

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Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion $A$ and the other is labelled as Reason $R$:
Assertion $A$: Size of $Bk^{3+}$ ion is less than $Np^{3+}$ ion.
Reason $R$: The above is a consequence of the lanthanoid contraction.
In the light of the above statements,choose the correct answer from the options given below:

What are the different oxidation states exhibited by the lanthanoids?

Which is the last element in the series of the actinoids? Write the electronic configuration of this element. Comment on the possible oxidation state of this element.

The percentage $(\%)$ of iron in pyrophoric mischmetal is ...........

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