Which of the following is $NOT$ included in wildlife?

What are 'biodiversity hotspots'? What is the measure of the biodiversity?

In our country,vast tracts of forests are cleared and a single species of plant is cultivated. This practice promotes:

Due to the active and willing participation of the local community,the Sal forests of Arabari underwent a remarkable recovery by $1983$. $A$ previously worthless forest was valued ₹ $12.5$ crores.
$(a)$ Explain how it became possible to bring such a change.
$(b)$ Mention any two values shown in this approach of forest management.

$(a)$ "Forests are biodiversity hotspots". Give a reason to justify this statement.
$(b)$ State the meaning of "Sustainable Development".

"What was the Chipko Andolan?" How did this Andolan ultimately benefit the local people and the environment?