Which of the following leads to bonding?

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(A) Bonding occurs when atomic orbitals overlap with the same phase (same sign),leading to constructive interference. In option $(A)$,the $s$-orbital

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(A) Bonding occurs when atomic orbitals overlap with the same phase (same sign),leading to constructive interference. In option $(A)$,the $s$-orbital has a positive sign,while the $p$-orbital has a positive sign on top and a negative sign on the bottom. When they overlap,the positive region of the $s$-orbital interacts with the positive region of the $p$-orbital,resulting in constructive interference (bonding). In options $(B)$,$(C)$,and $(D)$,the overlap involves regions of opposite signs,which leads to destructive interference (anti-bonding). Therefore,option $(A)$ represents a bonding interaction.

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