Which of the following statements is correct?

Vasa recta refers to . . . . . . .

Mention the substances that exit from the tubules in order to maintain a concentration gradient in the medullary interstitium.

Which part of the nephron plays a significant role in the maintenance of high osmolarity of the interstitial fluid?

At the bottom of the loop of Henle,the glomerular filtrate is . . . . . . .

Given below are two statements with respect to counter current mechanism.
$Statement-I$: Tissue fluid around the descending limb of Henle's loop becomes concentrated, during the counter current mechanism.
$Statement-II$: Water moves out from the descending limb of Henle's loop into the tissue fluid by osmosis.
In the light of the above statements, select the correct option from the codes given below: