Which of the following statements is correct?

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(A) $1$. Haemophilia is an $X$-linked recessive disorder. $A$ female carrier $(X^HX^h)$ has a $50\%$ chance of passing the defective $X^h$ chromosome

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Female carrier for haemophilia may transmit the disease to sons.

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(A) $1$. Haemophilia is an $X$-linked recessive disorder. $A$ female carrier $(X^HX^h)$ has a $50\%$ chance of passing the defective $X^h$ chromosome to her sons,who will then express the disease.$2$. Thalassemia is a quantitative problem because it involves the reduced synthesis of one of the globin chains of the haemoglobin molecule.$3$. $A$ change in the whole set of chromosomes is called polyploidy,whereas aneuploidy refers to the gain or loss of one or more individual chromosomes.$4$. Sickle cell anaemia is a qualitative problem because it results from a point mutation in the gene coding for the $\beta$-globin chain,leading to the substitution of glutamic acid with valine,which alters the structure and function of the haemoglobin molecule.

Column $I$	Column $II$
$(a) XX-XO$ method of sex determination	$(i)$ Turner's syndrome
$(b) XX-XY$ method of sex determination	$(ii)$ Female heterogametic
$(c)$ Karyotype $45$	$(iii)$ Grasshopper
$(d) ZW-ZZ$ method of sex determination	$(iv)$ Female homogametic

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$(A)$ Dominance	$(1)$ Many genes govern a single character.
$(B)$ Co-dominance	$(2)$ In a heterozygous organism, only one allele expresses itself.
$(C)$ Pleiotropy	$(3)$ In a heterozygous organism, both alleles express themselves fully.
$(D)$ Polygenic inheritance	$(4)$ $A$ single gene influences many characters.

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