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(A) The reactivity of an aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution depends on the nature of the substituent attached to it.Groups that donate e

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Phenol

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(A) The reactivity of an aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution depends on the nature of the substituent attached to it.Groups that donate electrons to the ring (activating groups) increase the electron density on the ring,making it more reactive towards electrophiles. Examples include $-OH$,$-NH_2$,etc.Groups that withdraw electrons from the ring (deactivating groups) decrease the electron density on the ring,making it less reactive. Examples include $-NO_2$,$-Cl$ (which is deactivating due to its strong $-I$ effect despite its $+M$ effect).In the given options:$(A)$ Phenol ($-OH$ group) is strongly activating due to the $+M$ effect.$(B)$ Chlorobenzene ($-Cl$ group) is deactivating due to the strong $-I$ effect.$(C)$ Nitrobenzene ($-NO_2$ group) is strongly deactivating due to both $-I$ and $-M$ effects.$(D)$ Benzyl alcohol ($-CH_2OH$ group) has a weak activating effect due to hyperconjugation,but it is less activating than the $-OH$ group directly attached to the ring.Therefore,phenol is the most reactive towards electrophilic attack.

List-$I$ (Compound)	List-$II$ ($pK_a$ value)
$A$. Ethanol	$I$. $10.0$
$B$. Phenol	$II$. $15.9$
$C$. $m$-Nitrophenol	$III$. $7.1$
$D$. $p$-Nitrophenol	$IV$. $8.3$

Which one of the following is most reactive towards electrophilic attack?

Similar Questions

What is the product formed when phenol reacts with concentrated $HNO_3$?

The major product of the following reaction is:

Match List-$I$ with List-$II$:

List-$I$ (Compound) List-$II$ ($pK_a$ value)

$A$. Ethanol $I$. $10.0$

$B$. Phenol $II$. $15.9$

$C$. $m$-Nitrophenol $III$. $7.1$

$D$. $p$-Nitrophenol $IV$. $8.3$

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Which among the following compounds has the highest solubility in water?

Which among the following is obtained as a product when phenol is treated with $NaOH$ and $CO_2$ followed by acid hydrolysis?

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