Mix Examples - WHY DO WE FALL ILL? Questions in English

(N/A) $I$ fell ill twice in the last one year. The diseases $I$ suffered from were diarrhoea and dengue fever.
$(a)$ The changes $I$ could make in my habits to protect myself in the near future are:
$(i)$ $I$ will always drink clean,filtered or boiled water and wash my hands before eating.
$(ii)$ $I$ will maintain personal hygiene to prevent the entry of pathogens.
$(b)$ The change $I$ would wish for in my surroundings is the proper disposal of garbage and the prevention of stagnant water accumulation to stop the breeding of disease-spreading vectors like mosquitoes.

(N/A) Based on a typical survey,the three most common diseases are often: $(1)$ Common Cold,$(2)$ Malaria,and $(3)$ Diarrhea.
To reduce the incidence of these diseases,the local authorities should take the following three steps:
$(i)$ Ensure proper sanitation and waste management to prevent the breeding of vectors like mosquitoes and houseflies.
$(ii)$ Provide access to clean and safe drinking water to prevent water-borne diseases like diarrhea and cholera.
$(iii)$ Organize public awareness campaigns regarding personal hygiene,vaccination,and the importance of maintaining clean surroundings.

(N/A) Chronic,long-term effect
$(b)$ Acute
$(c)$ Health
$(d)$ Infectious/communicable
$(e)$ Fungi

(N/A) disease is a condition in which the normal functioning of the body or a part of it is impaired or disturbed, leading to adverse effects on health.
Types of diseases:
$1$. Acute Diseases: These are diseases that last for a very short period. Examples: $\text{Common cold}$, $\text{influenza}$, $\text{fever}$.
$2$. Chronic Diseases: These are diseases that persist for a long time, sometimes even for a lifetime, and have long-term adverse effects on health. Examples: $\text{AIDS}$, $\text{tuberculosis}$, $\text{diabetes}$.
$3$. Infectious (Communicable) Diseases: These diseases are caused by pathogens and can spread from an infected person to a healthy person. Examples: $\text{Malaria}$, $\text{typhoid}$, $\text{cholera}$.
$4$. Non-infectious (Non-communicable) Diseases: These diseases do not spread from an infected person to a healthy person. They are often caused by lifestyle factors, genetic disorders, or metabolic issues. Examples: $\text{Cancer}$, $\text{hypertension}$, $\text{arthritis}$.
Non-infectious diseases can be further categorized into:
$(a)$ Lifestyle Diseases: $\text{Diabetes}$, $\text{hypertension}$.
$(b)$ Genetic Diseases: $\text{Haemophilia}$, $\text{sickle-cell anemia}$.

(N/A)

Acute disease	Chronic disease
Lasts for a very short period of time.	Lasts for a long period of time,may be a lifetime.

Infectious disease	Non-infectious disease
Spreads from one person to another (communicable).	Does not spread from one person to another (non-communicable).

Symptom-based treatment	Microbe-based treatment
Medicines are given to reduce the effects (symptoms) of the disease.	Medicines are given to kill the specific disease-causing microorganism.

Antibiotics	Vaccines
Medicines given after the disease occurs to kill or inhibit microbes.	Biological preparations given before the disease to build immunity.

Congenital disease	Acquired disease
Disease present at the time of birth.	Disease developed after birth due to organ malfunction or pathogens.

(A-D) Immediate cause is the primary factor that leads to the onset of a disease. For Dengue fever,the immediate cause is the entry of the dengue virus into the human body.
$(b)$ Infectious diseases are those caused by biological agents (pathogens) that can spread from an infected person to a healthy person through mediums like air,water,food,or vectors. Examples include cholera and chickenpox.
$(c)$ The pathogen causing dengue fever is the dengue virus $(DENV)$,which belongs to the family Flaviviridae.
$(d)$ The vector responsible for transmitting the dengue virus is the female $Aedes$ $aegypti$ mosquito. The mosquito requires a blood meal to obtain proteins necessary for egg development. During the act of biting an infected person,the mosquito ingests the virus,which then replicates and is transmitted to a healthy person during subsequent bites.